What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination of the neurons. This disease affects the myelin sheath and conduction pathways of the CNS. Pathological features of this process are; interaction between the systemic immune system and the CNS and demyelinating lesions in the white matter. These patchy areas of plaque in the white matter cause damage to the myelin sheath and thickness is reduced.
Myelin is responsible for electrochemical transmission of impulses between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. In MS these impulses are still transmitted but are not as effective as they were before. MS individuals go through periods of remission and exacerbation. Eventually after repeated exacerbation periods damage to the axon becomes permanent. Usually over 20 years or more progressive loss of function leads to permanent disability.
The exact cause of MS is unknown, but the disease is thought to be the result of viral, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. It usually occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 50 years with women being affected more than men. The life expectancy of those with MS is about 35 years after the onset of symptoms. It is the most prevalent CNS disorder and a leading cause of neurologic disability in early adulthood.
MS produces a wide variety of manifestations, any myelinated fibers of the brain and spinal cord may be affected. Motor function is characterized by fatigue, spasticity, and tremors. Visual manifestations include blurred,decreased, diplopia, and nystagmus. Sensory assessments include numbness, tingling, and burning sensations. Cognitive assessments include memory loss, decreased concentration, and impaired judgment.
There is no single lab or diagnostic procedure that is definitive for MS. Diagnosis usually involves many collective results of a variety of different tests to conclude MS. Test done usually involve cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), MRI, and CT. CSF may show persistently elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG), occurs in about two-thirds of MS individuals. CSF may also include elevated protein levels and a slight increase in white blood cell count. CSF electrophoresis reveals oligoclonal (IgG) bands in 90% of MS cases. MRI and CT scans may show increased density in white matter and MS plaques. The diagnosis of MS is made by the exclusion of other neurologic diseases.
There is currently no cure for MS, treatment is aimed at; reducing symptoms, frequency, progression, and prevention of disability. Drugs such as antiinflammatory, immunosuppressant, and immune modulators are used. Lots of support and rehabilitation management is needed.
Why I choose Multiple Sclerosis?
The reason I choose MS is due to the fact that a very important individual in my life may be diagnosed with this disease in the near future. I decided that I needed to better inform myself as well as others about this disease. I belive that knowledge is power and the best way to deal with a disease is to inform yourself and others of that disease. Somethings are inevitable and we must do the best we can with the cards we are dealt.
How I selected my information?
My aim at selecting information was to find the best and most accurate sources. I looked for things like authenticity, validity, and reliability. I first went to resources that I have used for many years and know that they are reliable. These resources included the public library and the SBU electronic library catalogs. These resources can be trusted and have proven reliability over the years. I used professional databases such as CINAHL.
I also used search engines to surf the web in an attempt to find quality research results. I looked at up to date information with reliable credentials. I searched legitimate databases first be using key terms such as; MS, degenerative disorders, CNS disorders, autoimmune disease, and neurologic disability. I then aimed to answer questions pertaining to causes, treatments, and diagnostics. My goal was to get as much accurate information as possible so that I could better understand MS.
Results
The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Multiple Sclerosis, October 1, 2009
http://rpproxy.iii.com:9797/MuseSessionID=d5f524f36f9283ad732faa3a0e24fab/MuseHost=web1.infotrac-custom.com/MusePath/pdfserve/get_item/1/A42304215396.pdf
This article provided via the public library gave an over view of the disease and the disorders it causes. It provided quantitive data about the prevalence of MS and its occurence in different countries. It provided the pathophysiology, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment aims of MS.
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
http://www.nationalmssociety.org/index.aspx
This is an online community organization where individuals may go to get the answers they seek about MS. This site offers information about the disease and research that is being done pertaining to this particular disease. It offers ways to get involved and communicate with other individuals who are curious about this disease. It also offers a way for individuals with MS to communicate with each other.
Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.org/multiple-sclerosis/?mc_id=comlinkpilot&placement=bottom
This site offers information on a facility that diagnosis and treats individuals with MS. The pathophysiology of MS is explained and they offer medication and physical therapy options to help individuals living with MS. Stories can be read about others who live with this disease.
Medline Plus
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/multiplesclerosis.html#cat63
This site offers financial assistant options for individuals with MS. A video is available to view the steps a newly MS individual would go through while being examined by a neurologist. Medline plus offers current reasearch and trials that are being done to better MS individual’s future. MS organizations are available for anyone to communicate and share experiences with other MS individuals.
National Institutes of Neurological disorders and Strokes
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm
This site offers information on old, new, and combination drug regimens in the treatment of MS. They offer therapeutic and prophylactic treatment for MS individuals. They offer in site into what research is being done with genetics and MS.
ChinaStemCellNews
http://www.stemcellschina.com/index.php/en/patient-experiences/multiple-sclerosis?gclid=CLKgtNK_0aACFRUeDQod1ROi0A
This site offers different MS patients testimonies on how stem cells helped or did not help with their MS.
WebMD
http://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/guide/recognizing-multiple-sclerosis
This site offers the early signs and symptoms on MS and what steps need to be done. They offer steps on managing the disease and getting support for individuals with MS.
Oxford Journals
http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/125/8/1923
This offers a book review on the book; Multiple Sclerosis: Current status and strategies for the future. This book offers current knowledge on the disease and what the future holds. This site offers an overview of the chapters and a summary of the book.